[This article was previously published in the spring issue of The Cultivator, Cornucopia’s quarterly newsletter.]
by Mark Kastel, Codirector of The Cornucopia Institute
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USDA Secrecy and Corporate Agribusiness Blowback
When Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990, it created a unique public-private partnership of governance. It vested statutory power in the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB). The organic community originally lobbied Congress to create the NOSB to insulate organic regulatory oversight from the improper influence of corporate agribusiness/biotechnology lobbyists.
As Cornucopia members and engaged organic stakeholders know, the spirit and letter of the law have been grossly disrespected by current and previous administrations at the USDA.
Freedom of Information Act
They say that, “Sunshine is the best disinfectant.” In addition to the USDA monkey-wrenching the rulemaking process by delaying the implementation of standards, until 2002, it has subsequently assisted Big Food by doing a yeoman’s job of maintaining a high degree of secrecy, in spite of their crowing about “transparency.”
In response to a pattern of withholding documents requested through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), The Cornucopia Institute has filed a series of lawsuits that would help us gauge the performance of the National Organic Program.
It’s not that we don’t receive any documents from the USDA through FOIA. Rather, it’s that they are violating the law in terms of timeliness and withholding documents that, we believe, they are not entitled to suppress (e.g. criterion allow withholding for personal material regarding employees, confidential business practices, or matters concerning internal deliberations).
In response to one FOIA request (we will be appealing improper withholding of documents), we sought details to investigate how some of the rules governing the NOSB meetings were changed without consulting the board or informing the public.
The Most Secret Administration in History?
Upon taking office, President Obama proclaimed, “A new era of openness.” However, the AP found that, under Obama, 17 major agencies were 50 percent more likely to deny FOIA requests than under Bush.
Not only has the USDA failed to produce documents, they are systematically withholding specifics about enforcement actions. Cloaked in secrecy, how do enforcement actions act as a deterrent if they aren’t publicized?
If corporations are caught “willfully” violating the law, they should be vigorously prosecuted, fined, and/or banned from organic commerce.
Secret Scientists
What else is secret at the NOP? Since it is not a scientific body, but rather a diverse set of organic stakeholders, Congress gave the NOSB the ability to hire independent scientists to advise them. This law has been historically violated. The USDA, rather than the NOSB members, has selected the scientists.
When Cornucopia wrote the Organic Watergate Report, we found that the USDA was contracting with agribusiness executives and consultants. Whoa Nelly! Is it any surprise that the scientists were looking the other way when dangerous ingredients like carrageenan, a very cost-effective processing material for agribusiness, were reviewed for inclusion in organic foods?
How did the NOP solve this flagrant conflict of interest? They decided to make the identities of all the scientists preparing Technical Reviews for the NOSB secret! Not only does the public not know who they are, the NOSB members themselves don’t know.
Corporate Lobbyist Crybabies
Corporate interests, including some NOSB members, have accused the Cornucopia Institute of bullying and intimidation. How are we doing that? We have the audacity to publicly tell the truth.
One partial FOIA response contained the copy of an email from the chief lobbyist of Hain Celestial, one of the largest public corporations controlling organic brands (Westbrae®, WestSoy®, Earth’s Best®, Arrowhead Mills®, Spectrum Naturals®, Imagine Foods™, Rice Dream®, JASON®, Avalon Organics®, etc.).
In the email, Zareb Herman, Regulatory Affairs Director at Hain, said, “… Cornucopia took a photo of her [their corporate representative testifying at a NOSB meeting] and put it up on their website. They attacked our company on their website and on Facebook and twitter.”
Attacked? First, we accurately reported that Hain Celestial had sided with the USDA’s stripping the NOSB of part of its ability to remove synthetic materials from the National List of approved substances at Sunset. Next, we challenged their representative’s mischaracterization of Hain Celestial as a modest organic business (Hain Celestial is currently worth $3.57 billion).
Major corporations and the USDA, in gutting the strict provisions of organic governance and opening the floodgates in the organic industry to production by giant factory farms and imports from countries like China, don’t like being called out publicly on the duplicity that is undermining the organic label.
Advocating Secrecy Instead of Oversight
The FOIA response included a memo from Dr. Jean Richardson, former NOSB chair, to Miles McEvoy, Deputy Administrator of the National Organic Program.
Richardson wrote to McEvoy, inquiring: “I would like to consider using simple hand voting in October. Why do we do roll call? Are we required to have a record by individual name? Any legal reason not to do hand vote and just totals? Cornucopia won’t be able to rate our voting record!”
To separate the hyperbole from actual voting records, Cornucopia has published a scorecard, rating each NOSB member’s voting record (and their corporate affiliations). Employees of companies like Whole Foods, Driscoll’s, and WhiteWave (Horizon® and Earthbound®) have abysmal scores when compared to policy recommendations of The Cornucopia Institute (and the majority of other nonprofits).
Richardson didn’t criticize the accuracy of our scorecard. She only tried to shield the corporate NOSB members, and others with low voting records, from public scrutiny.
Congress designed the NOSB to actually appoint and oversee the staff director at the NOP, not conspire to impede the ability of civil society groups to watchdog the job the USDA is doing protecting the public and the integrity of the organic label.
As Harry Truman once said, “If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.” Maybe I will say, in 2016, if the disinfecting rays of sunshine are too scorching for comfort, you are involved in the wrong industry. Because, as organic farmers, ethical business people, and consumers, we consider this to be a values-based industry, of which transparency is one of the foundational precepts.
